ABSTRACT
It was aimed in this study that the morphometric development of the hand in human fetuses throughout the fetal period be radiologically investigated and the clinical importance of this period be evaluated. A total of 50 fetuses with no external pathology or anomaly, and the ages of which varied between 20-40 gestational weeks were incorporated into the study. The fetuses were separated into groups according to gestational weeks, trimesters and months. After the general external measurements of the fetuses were performed, mammography and hand radiographies of the fetuses were shot in the way that their hands would be in a pronational position. Afterwards, the morphometric measurements of the hands were performed with the help of a digital caliper through the hand radiographies that were shot. The averages and standard deviations of the measured parameters were determined according to gestational weeks, trimesters and months. There was a significant correlation between the measured parameters and the gestational age (p<0.001). Additionally, it was observed that there was some difference among the groups in the comparison of the measured parameters involving trimesters and months (p<0.05). We are of the opinion that in evaluating the clinical studies regarding the morphometric development of the hand throughout the fetal period and in determining the pathologies and variations related to the fetal hand development, the data obtained in our study will be of use to the clinicians engaged in gynecology, and forensic medicine as well as those involved in this field.
Se investigó radiológicamente el desarrollo morfométrico de la mano en fetos humanos a lo largo del período fetal y se evaluó la importancia clínica de este período. La muestra consistió en 50 fetos de 20 a 40 semanas de gestación, sin patología externa o anomalía. Los fetos se dividieron en grupos según las semanas, trimestres y meses de gestación. Después de las mediciones externas generales de los fetos se realizaron mamografías y radiografías de mano de los fetos en posición de pronación. Posteriormente, las mediciones morfométricas de las manos se realizaron en las radiografías con la ayuda de un calibre digital. Hubo una correlación significativa entre los parámetros medidos y la edad gestacional (p <0,001). Adicionalmente, se observó que hubo una diferencia entre los grupos en la comparación de los parámetros medidos según los trimestres y meses (p <0,05). Consideramos que al evaluar los estudios clínicos sobre el desarrollo morfométrico de la mano a lo largo del período fetal y la determinación de patologías y variaciones relacionadas con el desarrollo de ésta, serán de utilidad para los clínicos intervinientes en las áreas de ginecología y medicina forense.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Hand/diagnostic imaging , Hand/embryology , RadiologyABSTRACT
To evaluate the development of the normal urachus during the fetal period. The study was carried out on 149 human fetuses [male 87, female 62] aged between 9-40 weeks, obtained with families' consent from Isparta Maternity and Children's Hospital, Isparta, Turkey, between 1997 and 2002. The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey during 2004. The type of the urachus was assessed and was classified. The length, antero-posterior depth, and the transverse width of the urachus were measured. Finally, the relationship between the urachus and umbilical arteries was evaluated during the fetal period, whether they ran parallel to each other. Two types of urachus were observed: the inverted funnel [84%] and tubular [16%]. The length, depth, and width of the urachus increased with gestational ages in all cases. A 2% variation was observed in the neighborhood between urachus and umbilical artery. Comparing our results with previous studies, the development of the urachus can be different in neonates and children. The mean urachus length was 14.8 -/+ 7.7mm during this period. The inverted funnel type is the most common type in our study. Hence, there can be some differences in the relationship between the urachus and umbilical arteries. The data obtained in the present study can be used as base knowledge related to the development of the urachus, and for evaluating the urachus in utero pediatric urology, radiology, pediatric surgery, and fetopathology
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Reference Values , Analysis of VarianceABSTRACT
Bilateral unusual coursed ovarian arteries were found in a 45-year-old female cadaver. The ovarian arteries arose from the abdominal aorta at a level inferior to the corpus of L1 vertebra bilaterally. The right ovarian artery was coursing behind the inferior vena cava. The left one was coursing between the left renal artery and vein upward to the level of the inferior part of the body of Th12 vertebra. At the level of Th12 vertebra, it turned caudally and proceeded downward between the anterior-inferior and posterior segmental renal veins. On both sides, ovarian arteries were on their normal routes below the L2 vertebra accompanying the ovarian veins. The variation determined by this study would reduce possible complications of nephrectomy operations that urologists, gynecologists and other related surgeons may encounter